My Experience with Domestic Violence Essay - 1048 Words

I would shut my eyes because I knew what was coming. And before I shut my eyes, I held my breath, like a swimmer ready to dive into a deep ocean. I could never watch when his hands came toward me; I only patiently waited for the harsh sound of the strike. I would always remember his eyes right before I closed my own: pupils wide with rage, cold, and dark eyebrows clenched with hate. When it finally came, I never knew which fist hit me first, or which blow sent me to my knees because I could not bring myself to open my eyes. They were closed because I didn’t want to see what he had promised he would never do again. In the darkness of my mind, I could escape to a paradise where he would never reach me. I would find again the haven where I†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Did he hit it away from me?† I would ask, â€Å"Who am I?† It is difficult for a person to understand the feeling of not having any control over his or her body, until he or she has experienced domestic violence. When I came to realize that I had no say over my body, and the only thing left to soar free was my soul, I learned that it was a cruel world out there. However, after two years of unforgivable pain and torment, I decided to get my life back. I went to counseling sessions that my close friend set up for me. The counselor helped me realize that I needed to come to terms with the harsh reality of what was happening. After that, I learned that the abuse was not my fault. This was where I realized that I was not alone, and that I did not deserve the pain. Even now, I sometimes think he won, though, because he sleeps peacefully at night, while I wake up trembling with swollen eyes. But then I stop, absorb everything around me, and look at the world in another perspective. I look in the mirror now and see a different person, a woman who has survived the unimaginable. Some may judge, but it is so easy to fall into this trap. I was so alone, just as I know that there are so many women out there suffering from domestic violence who feel that no one understands. We must be strong, confident, and recognize our worth, in order to take hold of our lives. Domestic violence is a vicious cycle that occursShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children1484 Words   |  6 Pages My sign had the phrase â€Å"It’s time to say eNOugh† and a butterfly that has a ribbon for a body, and its wings are filled with positive words about domestic violence survivors. I chose to put that specific phrase because I wanted to reach out to those who are currently experiencing domestic violence, but are afraid of asking for help. That certain group of people was my target because I wanted to shed some light into their lives. They are probably in a really dark place right now and feel vulnerableRead MoreDomestic Violence On Children Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pagesrelates to my question because these are just are a few steps used to empowers man and women to overcome their victimizations and look at themselves as strong and lovable individual but truly for them to understand that they are a strong survivor and ultimately see domestic violence is never because of them or their actions. Humphreys, C. (2001). The Impact of Domestic Violence on Children. Children in Society, 142-150. doi:10.1007/978-1-137-24714-8_15 The Impact of Domestic Violence on ChildrenRead MoreQuestions On Domestic Abuse And Domestic Violence913 Words   |  4 Pagesinstructor attempting to lecture on the topic of domestic abuse, Gagnà © would suggest that I first need to gain the attention of my students. To do this, I will need to provide a stimulus that grabs their attention. I will show a short YouTube video that shows different men and women’s experiences with domestic violence. The video then will end with domestic violence statistics and what you can do to help someone that you feel might be a victim of domestic violence. Second, I must inform the learners ofRead MoreWhat Does The Material Presented?964 Words   |  4 Pagesmyself. I obtained my Bachelor’s degree in Criminology emphasis Victimology. Throughout my 2 years of undergrad all I studied was victims. After obtaining my degree I was offered a position at Valley Crisis Center. Valley Crisis Center is a non-profit organization that ass ists victims of domestic violence and sexual assault. Overall I have 3 years learning and educating myself about victims and have 1 years working with this population, provided services and bringing awareness. My overall goal in lifeRead MoreDomestic Violence And Foreign Violence1251 Words   |  6 Pages Domestic Violence and Intersectionality Domestic violence, as defined by The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence is, â€Å"The willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another. It includes physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, and emotional abuse. The frequency and severity of domestic violence can vary dramatically, howeverRead MoreEssay on Research Methods Unit 9 Final1572 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract: Domestic violence against women happens around the world every day, but the main focus of location discussed in this paper is Washington State. Females are most likely to suffer domestic violence abuse from someone that they know. In such cases, it has been a spouse that is the attacker. Women escape these violent crimes and reach out for help, but not every time. Based off of the data collected, I strongly believe that females are more often victims of domestic violence than males. Read MoreBecoming A Social Worker, Values, Beliefs, And Theory Of Practice782 Words   |  4 Pagessocial worker practitioner the fields that interest me to work in is domestic violence and child abuse because I want to make change to the society. Also Mahatma Gandhi was my major inspiration through this quote â€Å"Be the change that you wish to see in the world†. Than an idea came to me, why not involve my contribution to the wide variety of communities. My communication with school counsellor s and social workers has impacted my choice of desiring to study social work. I realised that if I have hadRead MoreDomestic Abuse in American Colleges1548 Words   |  7 Pagesmight be the next victim of domestic violence on a college campus. Over the last year, reports of domestic violence have dramatically grown on the college campuses of this country. Nearly one-third of college students report being physically assaulted by a partner they have dated in the previous 12 months (cite!!). Domestic violence impacts a women’s mental , physical, and emotional health., It is important to understand the signs and symptoms of domestic violence. The more we understand. theRead MoreAn Informational Interview: Sarah Buel1041 Words   |  4 Pagesto determine an appropriate person for my informational interview. However, following the advice at Quintessential Careers, I focused on my possible career choices (Quintessential Careers, Unk.). What I found was that I was likely to be i nvolved in some type of work involving domestic violence, though I am still uncertain of the nature of that work. As a result, I decide to interview Sarah Buel. Sarah Buel is a noted attorney in the field of domestic violence. Currently a Clinical Professor and FoundingRead MoreThe Social Problems That Impact The Woman And Children1299 Words   |  6 Pageschildren in family violence, I chose this topic because I wanted to know why do women continue to stay in a domestic abuse situation. Domestic violence can be defined as a planned pattern of power and control carried out by your partner, it includes sexual violence, physical violence, emotional violence and psychological violence (UNICEF,2017). According to our textbook one spouse out of every six experiences domestic violence, and one kills a spouse because of domestic violence â€Å"six tines out of

Sociology as a Perspective - 1332 Words

Sociologist argue that â€Å"the sociological perspective is a way of thinking; a form of consciousness that challenges familiar understandings of ourselves and of others, so we can critically asses the truth commonly held assumptions† (Micionis and Plummer 2008:10). This essay supports this statement by analysing and discussing the significance of sociological perspective in our everyday lives. According to Peter L. Berger sociological perspective is described as the link between societal events and an individual’s life. Sociological perspective relates to sociological imagination, which was coined by C Wright Mills to illustrate the type of insight brought by the field of sociology (Isaksen undated). These concepts enlighten people’s†¦show more content†¦Suicide is an act that is most controlled by social regulation and degree of integration around individual. According to Emile Duncan they are four types of suicide: egoistic, altruistic, anomic and fa talistic. Egoistic suicide is suicide is performed by individuals who feel alone and they have no one to communicate with, due to poor societal integration. Altruistic suicide is due to individuals sacrificing their own lives for the good of others, this usually occurs during political wars or community strikes. Anomic suicide is due to lack of control in a person’s life. This group of people usually have no elderly person to guide and monitor them. Fatalistic suicide is common in teenagers, this type of suicide results from too much control, teenagers often find their guardians to be too controlling, this becomes stressful to them as they would want to experiment freedom without boundaries. A person’s surroundings can influential towards ending their own life. Politics affects individuals as circumstances such as war can influence people’s career choices and economic status. The government that runs a country influences the laws that govern the citizens and also influences decisions made at a national level, which in turn affects the national economy. Social forces are developments that impact on people’s thoughts and actions. One of the most common social forces that have a great influence on people’s lifestyle is media. TheShow MoreRelatedSociology And The Theoretical Perspectives Of Sociology1710 Words   |  7 PagesSociology is seen every day in our lives as humans, it is the scientific study of human behavior and society. The idea of sociology has not been around forever. The term sociology comes from a man named Auguste Comte who takes credit for this study. Not only did Comte come up with this idea but there were several things that influenced the study of Sociology and how we view it today. These influences are called the origins of sociology and they include; new idea or discipline, Industrial RevolutionRead MoreSociology : A Sociological Perspective1292 Words   |  6 PagesOrigins of Sociology Ashley Drees Ivy Tech Community College Professor Brosmer April 10,2016 What is Sociology Sociology  is the  study of  social behavior or society, including its origins, development, organization, networks, and institutions. Sociology is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, disorder, and change. Three Main Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Functional Perspective ConflictRead MoreThe Theoretical Perspectives Of Sociology911 Words   |  4 Pages Symbolic interactionism is the first of the three theoretical perspectives in Sociology. This avenue of examining sociological factors looks at more personal interactions than the other two perspectives. Sociologist observe patterns and behaviors of these smaller interactions to define, or redefine, the use and evolution of symbols in society. Some sociologist see this approach as being too focused on one person’s view and take on society rather than trying to understand society as a functioningRead MoreSociology : A Sociological Perspective896 Words   |  4 PagesCarolina, â€Å"Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions† (http://sociology.unc.edu/undergraduate-program/sociology-major/what-is-sociology/). Sociology is science practiced by everyone in the world, whether they realize it or not. It is not only an incredibly important social science but also a beautiful art to study how society works. Now, an educated sociologist will realize that there are different perspective to view the world through from a sociological perspective. ThereRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective Of Sociology874 Words   |  4 PagesThe Sociological Perspective Sociology is the scientific study of society and human behavior. Human behavior and each respective society that is studied can be evaluated and governed by the scientific method to produce reliable results. The inquiries into these subjects are derived by the inspirations of sociological perspectives. Each stratifying field of Sociology finds an anchor in the relationships between these pieces in the human context in which they are found. Navigating the water inRead MoreThe Macro Sociology Perspective1100 Words   |  5 Pageshowever as a female myself I still believe that we have not achieved equality and an example of that would be the education system. I’m going to connect it to two of the macro-sociology perspective. Macro-sociology perspective is a sociology study that focuses on the human society on a wide scale. One of the macro sociology perspective, I’m going to talk about the educational system for the females all around the world., not all countries practice equal education such as Bolivia, Armenia, Pakistan and TanzaniaRead MoreSociology : A Sociological Perspective1053 Words   |  5 PagesSociology is the study of society and social lives and forces that influence people and shape the construction of society their lives. It also gives us an awareness of cultural difference that allows us to see the social world from many perspectives. (Sutton 2013). Sociology perspectives are overview of human behaviour and its connection to society as a whole. A sociological theory is a set of ideas explain how society or aspects of society work and there are many variations of the basic theoriesRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective Of Sociology963 Words   |  4 PagesAfter a careful study and a deeper research on an introduction to sociology, I have come to understand that no problem can be solved well enough if one does not have the sociological perspective which is defined as a way of looking at the world through a sociological lens. In fact, there is the need of the lens that will help one to view situations and have the eye to emerge through different views to solve that problem. This mirror has become a doorway that will help one to have a beginner’s mindRead MoreTheoretical Perspectives On Sociology And Sociological Perspectives1357 Words   |  6 PagesTheoretical Perspectives in Sociology In the world of sociology there are many different ways that humans interact with the world. Although we are all human beings, we do not always see the world the same way that others do. Even though not many are aware of the different ways they can see the world, there are three sociological perspectives. Using structural functionalism, the conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism one will be able to decide which view best represents the way they see thisRead MoreSociology and Perspective Essay2373 Words   |  10 PagesSociology-Family Page 1. Family A family is â€Å"a set of people related by blood, marriage or some other agreed-upon relationship, or adoption, who share the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society.† (Schaefer, 2009) A family is considered a social institution. This social institution is one that can be applied to all three sociological theories which are functionalism, conflict, and interactionism. The first sociological theory is functionalism. A functionalism

Comparing Unilever, PG, and Nestle - 509 Words

Slide 1: Unilever is one of the largest companies in the consumer products business. Based in London, the company sells products around the world. Major competitors to Unilever including Proctor Gamble and NestlÃÆ' ©. The following chart compares the size of these three companies: Slide 2: According to Unilevers 2011 Annual Report, revenue growth for the company has been slow and steady for the past few years. The following chart highlights the growth of the companys revenues (in Euros): EMBED MSGraph.Chart.8 s Slide 3: The gross and operating margins for Unilever, calculated from the 2011 Unilever Annual Report, are as follows: EMBED MSGraph.Chart.8 s Slide 4: According to Porters typology (MindTools, 2012), Unilever competes as a differentiated provider of personal consumer products. With this strategy, the company appeals to a broad consumer base but uses a variety of techniques to differentiate itself from the competition. The points of diversification for Unilever are in the power of the companys brands and the ability to deliver products of superior quality. Typically, Unilever products will sell for prices higher than generic or local products of the same type. Differentiated Strategy Mass Market Brand power Superior product quality Slide 5: The consumer products industry in which Unilever competes has not experienced substantial competition. 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In fact, when Wal-Mart was voted â€Å"Retailer of the Decade† in 1989, its distribution costs were estimated at 1.7 per cent of it s cost of sales, comparing favorably with competitors such as Kmart (3.5per cent of total sales) and Sears (five per cent of total sales). Their distribution system is generally regarded as the most emphasized visibility through the sharing of information with their suppliersRead MoreFinancial Reporting, Financial Statement Analysis and Valuation a Strategic Perspective, 7th Edition James M. Wahlen, Stephen P. Baginski, Mark Bradshaw14514 Words   |  59 Pagesrepresenting goodwill from acquisitions. Four firms have RD expenses: Firms (3), (7), (9), and (12). These are Toyota Motor, Sun Microsystems, Roche Holding, and Nestlà ©, respectively. Roche Holding and Sun Microsystems are more technology-oriented and, therefore, likely to have higher percentages of RD compared to Toyota and Nestlà ©. This suggests that they are Firms (9) and (7) in some combination. Firm (9) has a lower cost of sales percentage than Firm (7), suggesting that Firm (9) is RocheRead MoreWhey Hey Marketing Opportunity Analysis Essay example6733 Words   |  27 PagesPush-Up† (Anonymous, 2014c). The entire competitive strategy and advertising of the brand will be targeted on the competitive advantage of its products. 2.2 Competitive Analysis â€Å"Unilever Deutschland GmbH was the leading player of Ice Cream in Germany in 2013with its variety of brands. Other players with noteworthy share were Nestlà © Schà ¶ller GmbH, General Mills GmbH, Bofrost Dienstleistungs GmbH Co KG, Mars GmbH and Eismann Tiefkà ¼hl-Heimservice GmbH† (EuromonitorInternational, 2014). The closest Ice CreamRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesemergence of what within this book we refer to as ‘the new consumer’ and ‘the new competition’. This new consumer is typically far more demanding, far more discriminating, much less loyal and more willing to complain than in the past, whilst xii P R E FA C E the new competition is frequently far less predictable and often more desperate than previously. At the same time, the marketing environment has also been affected by a series of unpredictable events (SARS and the Iraq war are just twoRead MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 Pagesaverages) to the sophisticated (multivariate regression models where the relevant variables are identified and we control for differences.). II. Cross Sectional versus Time Series Comparisons In most cases, analysts price stocks on a relative basis by comparing the multiple it is trading to the multiple at which other firms in the same business are trading. In some cases, however, especially for mature firms with long histories, the comparison is done across time. a. 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So who’s holding whom over a barrel? The fact is, the vast ma jor the few energy-producin ity of countries rely on g nations that won the geological lottery, ble ssing them with

Cuba Crimes Against Human Rights Essay Research free essay sample

Cuba: Crimes Against Human Rights Essay, Research Paper Part ONE Cuba: A Media Profile Media is the used around the universe for the cardinal intent of directing and having information. To analyze the media in a state such as Cuba, you must see the political, societal and the cultural political orientations of the state. While most of the universe is free fluxing with information utilizing mediums such as wireless, telecasting, the imperativeness and the Internet, Cuban people are exempted. The content within these mediums, reflect the political orientations of the Cuban authorities and besides maintain a sense of patriotism. Information that reflects different political orientations of the Cuban authorities are non permitted on the island and are considered illegal. It is unsafe for a society such as Cuba to quash the basic Torahs of human rights and relieve its people from the freedoms that we Americans take for granted such as ; freedom of look, imperativeness, association and assembly. This papers is divided into two parts. Part one, Cuba: Media Profile, which will research the media and its map in Cuba. Part two is titled Media Under a Communist Regime. This portion will exhibit the Torahs refering to media in Cuba, and the offenses and penalties of independent journalist seeking to last in Cuba. During the early 1960s, a category battle was waged within media mercantile establishments all over Cuba. This battle reflected the major alterations taking topographic point all over Cuban society. The Revolution # 8217 ; s wake resulted in the nationalisation of Cuban media. Mass media information was no longer capable to private corporations but became a public plus. The Cuban Institute of Radio and Television ( IRCT ) , was created to oversee and pull off wireless and telecasting station island-wide. In Cuba today there are 62 wireless Stationss across the island, staffed by 911 journalists. ( Salwen 84 ) Cuba operates one international short moving ridge wireless station, Radio Havana which broadcast in nine linguistic communications. ( 84 ) Radio Rebelde, Radio Progreso, Radio Reloj, Radio Musical National and Radio Enciclopledia are the national station heard throughout the state. There are 38 provincial and municipal Stationss and 92 community wireless station that focus on local issues and have more limited air. ( 84 ) Radio broadcasts plays an of import function in Cuba. With the autumn of the Soviet Union, Cuba has found itself in an of the economic crisis. With this crisis came drastic cuts in newspaper and magazine information, and a decrease in telecasting broadcast clip. ( 88 ) This meant that much of what was covered by these media became the duty of the wireless. Television broadcast medium in Cuba began in the late fortiess. During this clip Cuba was used by concerns as evidences for new engineerings, doing Cuba a universe innovator in telecasting. ( 104 ) In Cuba today there are two national telecasting channels, one international channel, and eight regional channels. ( 104 ) There are many families in Cuba with a telecasting sets, but they are old and outdated. The terminal to merchandise with Eastern Europe has led to deficits of parts and telecasting sets. Cuba is no longer the breakage land for new engineerings. The economic encirclement has badly impacted media production in Cuba. This can be seen in the usage of elderly senders, and about the disused parallel engineerings that have non yet been replaced. There is besides a great concern for the hereafter of wireless and telecasting image and sound archives. Irreparable losingss are happening due to the deficiency of air-conditioning and rise in humidness. Due to miss of sound and videocassettes, manufacturers have been re-recording over tapes that have already been used. Of all the media, the print media was hit the hardest by the economic crisis. ( 39 ) Because the printing of periodicals depended wholly on the import of newspaper and other supplies from the former Soviet Union, day-to-day publications of magazines and other periodicals was badly cut. ( 39 ) By 1994, the figure of day-to-day newspaper that has been published hebdomadally in the state was lass than half of what it had been in 1989. ( 39 ) As a consequence of the crisis some 300 print media journalists, that is 10 % of the entire island, found themselves idle. ( 39 ) In Cuba today there are three national newspapers in circulation, Granma, Trabajadores and Juventud Rebelde. Granma is the voice of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party and the state # 8217 ; s newspaper of record ; Trabajadores is he newspaper of the National Workers Confederation ; and Juventud Rebelde is the paper of the Youth Organization. ( Cubanet ) Cuba besides has two intelligence bureaus. El Agencia de Informacion National ( AIN ; National News Agency ) , has intelligence desks in about every state in Cuba and a wireless service that is widely used by provincial and municipal wireless Stationss. ( Cubanet ) The other, Presna Latina, has letter writers in assorted parts of the universe. Despite serious economic restrictions and deficiency of hardware, Cuban media has been able to entree the cyberspace. But acquiring to the cyberspace is non easy. Since the majority of the state # 8217 ; s substructure, including the telecommunications is antiquated. ( Christian Science Monitor, Boston ) The lone cyberspace service supplier, CENAI allows entree merely to those cleared by the authorities, most incoming information is to a great extent censored by the authorities. . Economicss have restricted widespread entree to the Web. An mean Cuban makes about 110 pesos per month, approximately $ 5.00. ( US Department of State, Washington ) An internet connexion with the universe Wide Web entree costs about $ 260.00 a month. E-mail histories cost $ 67.00 per month. ( Christian Science Monitor, Boston ) Presently the day-to-day edition of Granma, Trabajadores and Juventud Rebelde have electronic editions. ( Christian Science Monitor, Boston ) Radio Stationss are besides get downing to do their Internet Debuts. Radio Havana Cuba ( www.radiohc.org ) station day-to-day transcripts of its Cuba related narratives in four linguistic communications ( Spanish, English, French and Portuguese ) and Radio Reloj ( www.cubaweb.cu ) posts intelligence narratives every bit good as specials on civilization and athleticss. Radio Rebelde besides has a web site accessible through www.ceniai.cu. It is impossible to talk about media in Cuba, without adverting the little media warfare between the US and Cuba. On May 19 1984, under the Reagan disposal Radio Marti was launched, a full fledged 24 hr, uncensored intelligence about Cuba and US dealingss. Through 3 frequences, seven wireless Stationss, Radio Marti broadcasts over 1500 hours of wireless of anti-Castro propaganda is straight beamed into the island through short-wave wireless signals. As a consequence of Radio Marti, Television Marti was created. Television Marti is the lone telecasting service in the universe whose mark audience has neer seen it. Except for top functionaries with orbiters and some bootleg videotapes of Television Marti, it is difficult to obtain make to the successful jamming of Television signal by the Cuban authorities. Television Marti was created under the Bush disposal, with a 9.6 million dollar budget. It was named for Cuban-independence was nationalist, Jose Marti, and was supposed to be better than Radio Marti. But from the start it faced technological jobs. For one Television Marti operates from a drifting sender, which proved easier to throng than short-wave wireless. Cuban functionaries jammed the Television Mart? signal by conveying Cuban plans on the same channel. Thronging American wireless and telecasting signals has, to day of the month, been the most politically and economically-effective tactic employed by the Castor government. ( Bayer 541 ) Possibly Castor is really much aware that American wireless Stationss are merely every bit successful as the figure of hearers they attract. By cut downing the figure of possible wireless hearers through jamming of US Stationss, Castor may be wounding the American wireless broadcast industry where it hurts most, financially. Although both Radio Mart? and Television Mart? have become lasting fixtures of Cuban life, frequent intervention by Cuba has besides become a concern of legion wireless Stationss throughout the United States. The United States refused to take military action against Cuba for thronging its ignals. Alternatively, President Clinton # 8217 ; s disposal compiled a six-tiered program of political and economic countenances against the Island. ( Bayer 541 ) Among these countenances, Clinton ordered increased support for Radio Mart? to get the better of jamming by the Cuban authorities. ( Bayer 541 ) The disposal authorized an extra two million dollars in support to increase response of US authorities broadcasts in Cuba. ( Bayer 541 ) The US besides sought international disapprobation of Cuba # 8217 ; s actions through the United Nations. ( 541 ) In short, this latest incident, and the actions ensuing at that place from, show two critical factors. ( 541 ) First, the United States still views the usage of wireless broadcasts into Cuba as a necessary and effectual arm in its war against communism. ( 541 ) Second, any future dialogue between these two states with regard to international broadcasts, or any other controversial political subject, will necessarily hold to happen under the protections of an international regulative organic structure such as the United Nations. ( 541 ) Whether a solution to the # 8220 ; radio war # 8221 ; in the Caribbean exists is questionable. ( 543 ) With the at hand ruin of the Castor government, we may see significant advancement in the manner of free communications between the United States and Cuba. ( 543 ) Soon, nevertheless, the on-going war over the airwaves between these two states serves as a fresh reminder that there is a demand for mutualness in international broadcast medium and international dealingss between Cuba, the United States and the remainder of the universe. ( 543 ) Part Two: Media Under a Communist Regime Article 53 of the Cuban Constitution provides: # 8220 ; Freedom of address and imperativeness are recognized for citizens consistent with the intents of socialist society. The material conditions for their exercising are present by the fact that the imperativeness, wireless, telecasting, films, and others mass media are state-owned or socially owned, and can in no event be in private owned, which ensures their usage entirely in the service of the working people and in the involvement of society. The jurisprudence regulates the exercising of these freedoms. # 8221 ; ( Human Rights Watch 29 ) Cuba is a totalitarian province. Since 1959 under the leading of Fidel Castor, Cuba has become the first Communist province in the Western Hemisphere. Before 1959, the people of Cuba, looked favourably upon Castor and the battle against Cuban dictator, Fulgencio Batista. Castor proposed policies for early elections, variegation of the economic system, moderate societal and political reform based on the Cuban Constitution of 1940. ( Thomas 2 ) Since coming to power, it wasn # 8217 ; t long befor the radical character of Castro # 8217 ; s to go clear. Alternatively of the promises castro made to the Cuban people, Cuba was radically transformed into a ego styled Marxist- Leninist machinery of repression. Castro # 8217 ; s precedences remain unchanged: keeping undisputed power, a sense of historical ego, and utmost Cuban patriotism. When Castor publically declared Cuba a Communist state, democracy was abolished and so was the freedom of look, sentiment, imperativeness, association, and assembly. In the Cuban media, there # 8217 ; s merely one acceptable point of position, the government # 8217 ; s. An official journalist in Cuba can non take which narrative to compose, and can non show their ain sentiment. In Cuba there is no freedom of the imperativeness that would let for different political positions, which are cardinal for a democratic government. To the contrary, wireless, telecasting, and the print media are instruments of ideological infliction that follow the dictates of the group in power and are used to convey the messages from that group to the grass-roots and the intermediate degrees. The chief newspapers in Cuba reflect merely the point of views of the authorities. Merely to a really limited extent do they describe on the arguments that take topographic point within the high-ranking functionaries of the province. As a consequence, self- unfavorable judgment is besides limited. It is a function the imperativeness plays with a position to conveying the grudges of the grassroots to the top functionaries in power. However, in no manner make these grudges overstep the bounds of ideological conformance. In no manner can they oppose, or go interpreters recommending a extremist alteration in the prevailing government, or that hold high-level authorities functionaries accountable in relation to substantive political issues. The Castro government maintains a steadfast stance against independent journlism. In June 1998 the authorities labelled Cuba # 8217 ; s little group of independent newsmans # 8220 ; self titled independent journalists # 8217 ; dedicated to slandering our people by agencies of the wireless Stationss that broadcasts from Miami against Cuba. # 8221 ; ( Human Rights Watch 151 ) In contrast the governmenrt called upon the # 8220 ; genuinely free # 8221 ; imperativeness to function the socialist province # 8220 ; by gaurenteeing the continuity of socialist, loyal, and anti-imperialist thoughts and values, and the revolution itself for future coevalss of Cubans. # 8221 ; ( Human Rights Watch 151 ) Today in Cuba there does be an independent imperativeness. There are three staying independent intelligence bureaus in Cuba, Havana Press, Cuba Press and Cuban independent Journalists Bureau. Many of the journalists worked for authorities media until they were fired for â€Å"ideological incompatibility† and now are seeking to do a life freelancing for foreign intelligence organisations. ( Conde ) Their purpose is to carve out a support that is independent of collectivist media yet a comfy distance from organized dissenter cabals at place and abroad. ( Conde ) To be an independent journalist in Cuba is illegal, a dissenter. The Cuban authorities non merely uses mass organisations, but besides uses its security and tribunals to endanger, intimidate, detain, and prosecute independent journalists. ( Human Rights Watch, 152 ) The Government topics independent journalists to internal travel prohibitions, arbitrary and periodic ( nightlong or longer ) detainment, torment of friends and relations, ictuss of written manuals and computing machine and office equipment, and repeated menaces of drawn-out imprisonment. ( US State Dept. ) To intensify the jobs of the independent imperativeness, there is the obstruction of merely sitting down to compose. The Communist government controls all that is published, while entree to the Internet is besides purely regulated. Journalists lack computing machines or fax machines and rudimentss such as composing paper, typewriters and thread and even pens and pencils. Typewriters must be registered ; having a facsimile machine or photocopier without mandate is punishable by imprisonment. ( Conde ) Phone calls are monitored and frequently interrupted and lines severed. Articles are normally phoned in ( collect ) to a twosome of European contacts, to Mexico or to Miami bureaus, such as Radio and TV Marti. The Government does non let unfavorable judgment of the revolution or its leaders. Laws against antigovernment propaganda and abuses against functionaries carry punishments of three months to one twelvemonth in prison, with sentences of up to three old ages if President Castor or members of the National Assembly or Council of State are the object of unfavorable judgment. ( US State Dept ) In December 1997, the National Assembly of Popular Power approved the Law of National Dignity, which establishes that # 8220 ; The weight of the jurisprudence will fall on anyone who, in a direct or indirect signifier, collaborates with the enemy # 8217 ; s media # 8230 ; with gaol sentences of three to ten old ages # 8221 ; and is aimed straight at the independent bureaus who send their stuff abroad. ( Human Rights Watch 152 ) On April 26, 1996, nine Cuban security members ransacked the offices of the Cuban Independent journalists Bureau ( BPIC ) for four hours. ( Conde ) They seized all of the BPIC # 8217 ; s equiptment ; two typewriters, a word processor, every bit good as its files. ( Conde ) Joaquin Torres, a journalist with the Havana Press independent intelligence bureau at that place, termed it # 8220 ; a reminder that they are at that place, and they can hush us whenever they like. # 8221 ; ( Conde ) N? stor Baguer, President of the Agencia de Prensa Independiente ( APIC: Independent Press Agency ) was earnestly injured by an unknown person who hit him several times ; as a consequence he suffered a broken carpus and several haematoma. ( US State Dept. ) The events occurred in Havana, on March 2, 1995. On July 11, 1995, members of the State Security force searched his place, seized a facsimile machine, and disconnected his phone service. ( US State Dept. ) Days subsequently N? stor Baguer filed a ailment before the Municipal Court of Plaza to procure the return of what had been confiscated. ( US State Dept. ) However, the tribunal clerk refused to acknowledge the papers, saying that it had no legal footing. ( US State Dept. ) Laws against antigovernment propaganda, graffito, that was of disrespect towards any authorities functionary in Castro # 8217 ; s government, carried punishments of from 1 months to 3 twelvemonth # 8217 ; s in prison. ( US State Dept. ) Charges of administering enemy propaganda ( which includes simply expressing sentiments at odds with those of the Government ) can convey sentences of up to 14 old ages. ( US State Dept. ) Resident and foreign letter writers have dealt with an addition in governmental force per unit area, including official and informal ailments about articles, endangering phone calls, and deficiency of entree to functionaries. ( US State Dept. ) In the Government # 8217 ; s position, such stuffs as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international studies of human rights misdemeanors, and mainstream foreign newspapers and magazines constitute enemy propaganda. Local metropolis functionaries inhibit freedom of address by monitoring and describing dissent or unfavorable judgment. ( US State Dept. ) Police and province security functionaries on a regular basis harassed, threatened, and otherwise abused human rights advocators in public and private as a agency of bullying. ( US State Dept. ) A tribunal in Holguin sentenced independent journalist Mario Gonzalez Castellanos, Cuba Press letter writer in Holguin, to 2 1/2 old ages in the Holguin prison known as Cuba Si, for demoing discourtesy to Fidel Castor. ( US State Dept. ) The Constitution besides includes # 8220 ; dangerousness, # 8221 ; defined as the # 8220 ; particular propensity of a individual to perpetrate offenses, demonstrated by his behavior in manifest contradiction of socialist norms. # 8221 ; ( Human Rights Watch 42 ) If the constabulary decide that a individual exhibits marks of dangerousness, they may convey the wrongdoer before a tribunal or capable him to # 8220 ; therapy # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; political reeducation. # 8221 ; There have been many instances in which functionaries have enforced these Torahs upon there citizens. In January in 1999, a tribunal in Moron, a Cuban state, sentenced Jesus Joel Diaz Hernandez, Director of the Cooperative of Independent Journalists ( an advocate of human rights ) to 4 old ages # 8217 ; imprisonment for # 8220 ; dangerousness. # 8221 ; ( Human Rights Watch 154 ) Human Rights Watch reported that Diaz was accused of holding met with delinquents and holding disturbed the public order. He was tried the twenty-four hours after his apprehension, doing it impossible for him receive equal defence. ( 154 ) In July of 1997, the governments arrested independent journalist Lorenzo Paez Nunes and later sentenced him to 18 months in prison. ( 156 ) Harmonizing to his household, Hector Peraza was arrested in July and detained for 2 months the twenty-four hours after he received a visit from a # 8220 ; alien who gave him a computer. # 8221 ; ( 156 ) State security agents harassed household members when force per unit area on independent journalists was non successful in coercing them to abandon their work or their state. ( 156 ) On July 17 1999, a constabulary officer threatened to collar Merino Cabrera, a member of the Human Rights Workers # 8217 ; Party, for dangerousness and warned him against go oning his activities. ( 154 ) A few yearss subsequently, on July 27, Cabrera found a composition board casket on his front door with the words: # 8220 ; Rest in Peace. # 8221 ; ( 155 ) Cuban governments treat people that participate in non-violent activities such as meeting to discourse the economic system or elections, writtng a missive to the authorities, describing on political- or econmic developements or recommending for political captives, as felons. Cuban tribunals continue to and imprison independent journalist and others for the peaceable look of their positions. The denial of basic and civil homo rights is written into Cuban jurisprudence. And there is hardly a voice hearable to let the universe to cognize and understand the predicament the Cuban people face every twenty-four hours. Independent journalist in Cuba risks their lives to raise the voice that is hardly heard. To the remainder of the universe they are heroes with brave and baronial purposes. To the Cuban authorities, they are the enemy. In decision, a missive was written from a political captive will foster aid understand the demand of freedom. Letter FROM PRISON: LA CAOBA To all honest work forces around the universe. This missive is a call for aid if I can last its wake. If non, it will be my political will and testament. That will non decrease its value to those who, like I, have been enduring prison footings in the extinction cantonments which the dictatorship has created throughout the island, seeking to submerge in silence and inhuman treatment the voices of Cubans naming for autonomy. I # 8217 ; m guilty of raising my voice to inquire for autonomy for Cuba, of desiring a civil authorities nominated and elected by the people, amidst an miscellaneous flow of political currents, of wishing private belongings for Cubans, to have and bask what their single attempts can afford them, without denying the corporate enjoyment of what our darling land offers us as its fruits of a authorities free of changeless pretentious to power, because I don # 8217 ; t want anyone or anything to minimise the right of Cubans to portion with foreign visitants the gifts of our clime, nature, and installings, because it pains me to see my people enduring from the unpredictability and absurd disposal which is submerging us day-to-day into wretchedness, giving off to aliens what belongs to us, without concern over the loss of the fatherland. For these grounds, and many others, which support the unscrupulous end of the dictatorship to snuff out us, for my resistance to them, I # 8217 ; m guilty, sanctioned, banished, kept from seeing my loved 1s, of having any sort of assistance, of keeping contact through the mail, of having equal medical aid, they even deny me assistance from God, forbiding me from having the services of the Church. My status as a political captive is non recognized, and they force me to populate with the common captives who are encouraged to assail me. Everything is shaded by maltreatments and humiliations, which I suffer, by word and by workss. I appeal to you and to God. Lawyer Juan Carlos Castillo Pasto, plantado captive. Serving 8 old ages for enemy propaganda, at La Caoba prison, Santiago de Cuba. Translated for CubaNet by Lourdes Arriete. ( CubaNet ) Bibliography 1. Bayer, Stephen D. , The Legal Aspects of Television Mart? in Relation to the Law of Direct Broadcasting Satellites, EMORY 1992. 2.Conde, Yvonne M. # 8220 ; Independent Cuban Press Seeks Access to the Outside World. # 8221 ; The Fourth Estate. V129. P48+ . January 27, 1996. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //vweb.hwwilsonweb.com/cgi-bin/webspirs.cgi 3. CubaNet beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //ella.netpoint.net/cubanet/CNews/jul96/15e2.html 4. Human Rights Watch. CUBA Inhibitory Machinery: HUMAN RIGHTS 40 Old ages AFTER THE REVOLUTION. Human rights Watch, New York. June 1999 5. Lipsschultz, David. # 8220 ; The Web Washes over Cuba, but Surfers Still Few Econmic adversity and a authorities wary of information flow hinder Internet # 8217 ; s growth. # 8221 ; Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Mass. 9 July, 1997 6. Robbins, Carla Anne. # 8220 ; Our Jam in Havana: This US Staion Doesn # 8217 ; t rate in Cuba Castro # 8217 ; s Interference Keeps TV Mart Off of Screens. # 8221 ; The WallStreet Journal 25, Nov. 1997 7. Thomas Hugh S. CUBAN REVOLUTION: 30 Old ages Subsequently. Westview Press. London 1984. 8. United States State Department. Human Rights in Cuba beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //state.gov/www/global/human_rights/1997. 1. Bayer, Stephen D. , The Legal Aspects of Television Mart? in Relation to the Law of Direct Broadcasting Satellites, EMORY 1992. 2.Conde, Yvonne M. # 8220 ; Independent Cuban Press Seeks Access to the Outside World. # 8221 ; The Fourth Estate. V129. P48+ . January 27, 1996. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //vweb.hwwilsonweb.com/cgi-bin/webspirs.cgi 3. CubaNet beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //ella.netpoint.net/cubanet/CNews/jul96/15e2.html 4. Human Rights Watch. CUBA Inhibitory Machinery: HUMAN RIGHTS 40 Old ages AFTER THE REVOLUTION. Human rights Watch, New York. June 1999 5. Lipsschultz, David. # 8220 ; The Web Washes over Cuba, but Surfers Still Few Econmic adversity and a authorities wary of information flow hinder Internet # 8217 ; s growth. # 8221 ; Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Mass. 9 July, 1997 6. Robbins, Carla Anne. # 8220 ; Our Jam in Havana: This US Staion Doesn # 8217 ; t rate in Cuba Castro # 8217 ; s Interference Keeps TV Mart Off of Screens. # 8221 ; The WallStreet Journal 25, Nov. 1997 7. Thomas Hugh S. CUBAN REVOLUTION: 30 Old ages Subsequently. Westview Press. London 1984. 8. United States State Department. Human Rights in Cuba beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //state.gov/www/global/human_rights/1997. Bibliography 1. Bayer, Stephen D. , The Legal Aspects of Television Mart? in Relation to the Law of Direct Broadcasting Satellites, EMORY 1992. 2.Conde, Yvonne M. # 8220 ; Independent Cuban Press Seeks Access to the Outside World. # 8221 ; The Fourth Estate. V129. P48+ . January 27, 1996. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //vweb.hwwilsonweb.com/cgi-bin/webspirs.cgi 3. CubaNet beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //ella.netpoint.net/cubanet/CNews/jul96/15e2.html 4. Human Rights Watch. CUBA Inhibitory Machinery: HUMAN RIGHTS 40 Old ages AFTER THE REVOLUTION. Human rights Watch, New York. June 1999 5. Lipsschultz, David. # 8220 ; The Web Washes over Cuba, but Surfers Still Few Econmic adversity and a authorities wary of information flow hinder Internet # 8217 ; s growth. # 8221 ; Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Mass. 9 July, 1997 6. Robbins, Carla Anne. # 8220 ; Our Jam in Havana: This US Staion Doesn # 8217 ; t rate in Cuba Castro # 8217 ; s Interference Keeps TV Mart Off of Screens. # 8221 ; The WallStreet Journal 25, Nov. 1997 7. Thomas Hugh S. CUBAN REVOLUTION: 30 Old ages Subsequently. Westview Press. London 1984. 8. United States State Department. Human Rights in Cuba beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //state.gov/www/global/human_rights/1997.